世界人文之路鼎新北科講座系列第122講
講座題目：
古老語言和當(dāng)代障礙之間的關(guān)聯(lián)
The Connection Between Ancient Language and Contemporary Disabilities
講座時間：2018年10月30日星期二上午10：00
講座地點：外語樓315 （學(xué)術(shù)報告廳）
主講人：
Jeffrey R. Gruen 醫(yī)學(xué)博士，教授，耶魯大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院兒科學(xué)、遺傳學(xué)和的醫(yī)學(xué)研究項目組
Professor, Pediatrics, Genetics, and the Investigative Medicine Program, Yale University School of Medicine
主講人簡介：
Gruen博士是耶魯大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院兒科學(xué)、遺傳學(xué)和醫(yī)學(xué)研究項目教授。他也是兒科和新生醫(yī)學(xué)專家，在耶魯-紐黑文兒童醫(yī)院新生兒重癥監(jiān)護病房擔(dān)任主治醫(yī)師已有30多年。Gruen博士在耶魯兒童健康研究中心以及加拿大和中國的國際合作中的工作重點在閱讀和語言的遺傳學(xué)研究，包括閱讀障礙、特異性語言損傷和語音障礙。他在國際知名的同行評議期刊上發(fā)表了80多篇論文，這些期刊包括《美國國家科學(xué)院報》（Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences）、《自然神經(jīng)科學(xué)》（Nature Neuroscience）、《美國人類遺傳學(xué)雜志》（American Journal of Human Genetics）和PLoS One。Gruen博士發(fā)現(xiàn)的DCDC2基因被《科學(xué)》雜志列為2005年最重要的5個科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)之一。
Dr. Gruen is Professor of Pediatrics, Genetics, and the Investigative Medicine Program at the Yale University School of Medicine. Dr. Gruen is also a specialist in Pediatrics and Neonatology, and has been an attending physician in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of The Children’s Hospital at Yale-New Haven for more than 30 years. The focus of Dr. Gruen’s research at the Yale Child Health Research Center, and through international collaborations in Canada and China, is on the genetics of reading and language, including dyslexia, specific language impairment, and speech sound disorder. He has authored over 80 peer-review publications in highly regarded scientific journals including Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Nature Neuroscience, American Journal of Human Genetics, and PLoS One. Dr. Gruen’s discovery of the DCDC2 gene was cited as the 5th most important discovery of the Year 2005, by the journal, Science.
講座內(nèi)容簡介：
全球?qū)W習(xí)障礙的發(fā)生率在10%到20%之間。到目前為止所發(fā)現(xiàn)的最常見的學(xué)習(xí)障礙是閱讀障礙，也被稱為誦讀困難。在這次講座中，Gruen博士將展示在世界各地使用的7000種語言中，語言特征的保留是如何通過不同人群中特有的基因變異形成的，以及現(xiàn)代基因組中可以發(fā)現(xiàn)的支持性證據(jù)。他將把古代人類遷徙的時間線與語言及閱讀的發(fā)展進行對比，強調(diào)基因-環(huán)境相互作用對語言的重要性。他將討論語言進化以及閱讀技能如何依賴于基因變異，而這種基因變異塑造了口語，且可能與書面語言不一致。這些反映在當(dāng)代不同語言文化下閱讀障礙的高發(fā)病率中。
The worldwide prevalence of learning disabilities is between 10% and 20%. By far the most common is reading disability, also known as dyslexia. In this lecture, Dr. Gruen, will show how retention of linguistic features amongst the 7,000 languages spoken around the world were likely shaped by genetic variants endemic in different populations, and the supporting evidence that can be found in contemporary genomes. He will contrast the timelines of ancient human migration with the development of language and reading, highlighting the importance of gene-environment interactions for language. He will discuss language evolution and how reading skills depend on gene variants that shaped spoken language and might be at odds with written language, and that is reflected in the high prevalence rates of reading disability in contemporary cultures.